This study is part of a series of guided case studies aimed at exploring whether and under what conditions the application of a value chain approach can help accelerate economic growth in conflict-affected environments. This study attempts to ascertain the ability of a value chain analysis to determine the impact of the violent conflict and governance failures in Sri Lanka on the fisheries industry in the southern part of the country. The study used the analysis to compose recommendations for effectively developing the capacity of the fisheries sector to contribute to equitable economic opportunities in Sri Lanka.